| 6 | Native or near-native; no influence of accent or dialect. | Consistently accurate and appropriate use of grammar and structure. | Wide range, precise, idiomatic. | Effortless, natural pace; full spontaneity. | Fully understands all speech, including idiomatic and non-routine. | Interacts with ease, manages any situation, including complex or unexpected. |
| 5 | Rarely noticeable influence of accent. Minor errors do not affect understanding. | Rare grammatical errors; complex structures handled well. | Broad range, precise; occasional searching for words. | Smooth, mostly spontaneous, very few hesitations. | Understands almost everything, including non-routine. | Manages communication confidently, even in unexpected situations. |
| 4 | Accent may be evident, but does not interfere. Occasional mispronunciation. | Errors are present but rarely obscure meaning. Can use basic and some complex structures. | Adequate range for effective communication; may search for words in unusual situations. | Generally fluent, occasional hesitation. | Understands routine and some non-routine communication; misunderstandings may occur in unusual situations. | Effective in normal and some non-routine situations; may need clarification. |
| 3 | Pronunciation and accent frequently require listener effort; may interfere with meaning. | Frequent errors in basic and complex structures; meaning often unclear. | Limited range; frequent errors and incorrect word choice. | Frequent hesitation; speech is often slow and fragmented. | Understands only simple routine communication; misunderstanding common. | Struggles with interaction; needs frequent support and clarification. |
| 2 | Very poor pronunciation; hard to understand even with effort. | Consistent errors; uses only basic structure. | Very limited vocabulary; cannot express beyond simple memorized phrases. | Long pauses; limited ability to maintain communication. | Rarely understands even simple messages. | Limited response; communication often breaks down. |
| 1 | Unintelligible pronunciation; cannot be understood. | No grasp of structure. | Extremely limited vocabulary. | Unable to sustain even basic communication. | No understanding of messages. | No functional interaction. |